How to Buy a Solar Panel: Tips and Guides

A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. It consists of solar cells made from layers of silicon, phosphorus, and boron. These materials capture solar energy and transform it into electrical energy.

When buying a solar panel, it's crucial to consider factors such as what types of panels to buy, whether to opt for professional or DIY installation, and the number of panels required. Another important decision is the type of solar panel to purchase, whether monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or thin film. Different types of solar panels have various efficiencies and costs, with monocrystalline panels being both the most efficient and the most expensive.

Solar panels are purchased from a variety of sources, each offering different benefits. Local solar installers provide comprehensive services from design to maintenance, ensuring systems are tailored to regional needs. Specialized solar energy stores offer products for specific applications, such as portable solutions for mobile use or DIY project support. Online retailers like Amazon and eBay offer a wide selection of panels from various brands. Plus, they come with real customer reviews to inform you of your choice.

Buying directly from manufacturers like SunPower or LG guarantees high-quality products with detailed information and warranties. Wholesale distributors cater to bulk purchases, offering a range of products for both residential and commercial projects, with services to support financing and logistics.

Choosing where to buy solar panels is crucial due to the impact on product quality, cost-effectiveness, and after-sales service. Purchasing from reputable manufacturers or authorized distributors ensures genuine, high-quality panels that meet industry standards as well as lower prices.

Meanwhile, local installers often include value-adding services like installation and maintenance, potentially offering savings over time. The level of after-sales support and warranty coverage for your solar panels significantly varies depending on the source of your purchase, with local installers often providing more comprehensive services compared to online marketplaces or unauthorized dealers.

What Is a Solar Panel?

A solar panel is a device designed to convert sunlight into electricity. Solar panels are made up of solar cells, which are composed of layers of silicon, phosphorus (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). These cells are capable of capturing energy from the sun and converting it into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect, where light energy induces the creation of voltage and current in a material.

The operation of a solar panel begins when sunlight hits the solar cells. The energy from the sun causes electrons in the silicon to become excited and move freely. Then, the electrons in the silicon flow through the material to produce direct current (DC) electricity. Normally, a solar panel inverter is used to convert DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is then used to power homes, businesses, and solar farms, among other applications.

The advantages of solar panels are both environmental and economic. Environmentally, they offer a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, significantly reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change. Economically, solar panels help families and business owners lower their electricity bills, provide energy independence, and even generate income through the sale of excess power back to the grid. As technology advances, the cost of solar panels continues to decrease, making them an increasingly viable option for widespread use.

What Should Be Taken Into Account When You Buy a Solar Panel?

Buying a solar panel is a significant decision that requires careful consideration to ensure optimal performance, efficiency, and return on investment. When selecting solar panels, it's important to consider the type of panels that best suit your project, whether to hire a professional or attempt DIY installation, the number of panels required, and any additional equipment required for a complete solar panel installation.

The four main tips to follow when buying your solar panels are listed below.

1. Find out what types of solar panels to buy for your project

Choosing the right type of solar panel for your project is essential for maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of your solar system. The market offers four main types of solar panels: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thin film, and PERC panels.

Each solar panel type has distinct characteristics, advantages, and best-use scenarios. A detailed description of the four main solar panel types is given below.

• Monocrystalline Solar Panels: Known as the oldest and most developed type of solar panel, monocrystalline panels are distinguished by their uniform dark color and rounded edges. Monocrystalline panels are made from single-crystal silicon, allowing for a high degree of efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity. The high efficiency is due to the purity of silicon, which facilitates a better flow of electricity. This manufacturing process, involving cutting cylindrical silicon ingots, is more wasteful and complex, making mono panels more expensive than other solar panel types. However, the higher efficiency of monocrystalline panels means they are particularly suitable for areas with limited space, as fewer panels are needed to generate the same amount of power compared to other types. Main applications include residential rooftop installations, commercial solar projects, and any projects where maximizing power output from a limited space is critical.
• Polycrystalline Solar Panels: Polycrystalline or multicrystalline solar panels are recognized by their blue, speckled appearance and squared edges. Poly solar panels are made by melting multiple silicon crystals together, a process that is less wasteful and simpler than that of monocrystalline panels, resulting in a lower cost. However, this method leads to lower efficiency due to the presence of multiple crystals, which slightly impedes the flow of electricity. Polycrystalline panels are a popular choice for individuals looking for a balance between cost and efficiency, making them ideal for large-scale installations, residential projects with enough roof space, and areas where the cost per watt is a key consideration.
• Thin-Film Solar Panels: Thin-film panels, which are the latest development in solar technology, are made from a variety of materials, including cadmium telluride (CdTe), amorphous silicon (a-Si), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). Thin film panels are known for their lightweight and flexibility. The manufacturing process of thin film panels is simpler and less expensive, leading to lower upfront costs. However, they typically have lower efficiency and a larger space requirement for the same electrical output. The flexibility of thin-film solar panels makes them the perfect choice for surfaces where traditional panels would be unsuitable, such as curved architectural features, vehicles like RVs and boats, and temporary or portal installations.
• Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) Solar Panels: PERC solar panels use increased material layering in order to generate additional solar efficiency when used in conjunction with traditional, silicon-based solar cells. This enables solar panels to generate more electricity using less space. Mono-PERC is increasingly one of main solar panel subtypes produced by solar panel manufacturers.

2. Choose between hiring a professional and a do-it-yourself solar installation

Choosing between DIY and professional solar panel installation hinges on evaluating cost-effectiveness, personal capability, and risk tolerance. DIY installations significantly reduce expenses, but they carry risks of errors and safety concerns. Professional installations, while more costly upfront, provide expertise, compliance with regulations, warranties, and peace of mind.

DIY installations offer significant cost savings, with solar panel systems typically ranging between €15,000 and €25,000, a figure that encompasses installation costs. Of this, a considerable portion—often up to half—is typically attributed to professional installation fees.

The high costs of a professional solar installation highlight the substantial savings through a DIY approach. However, the DIY route comes with the risks of errors and safety concerns, such as improper electrical connections leading to potential fire hazards or reduced system efficiency due to incorrect installation. Such mistakes compromise safety and result in higher expenses over time, offsetting initial savings.

On the other hand, opting for professional solar panel installation comes with its set of benefits, including access to expertise and experience in system design and installation. Professionals ensure that the project complies with all local regulations and electrical codes, reducing the risk of errors or safety hazards.

Furthermore, professional installations often come with warranties and quality assurances, protecting your investment over time. While the upfront costs are higher compared to a DIY approach, the long-term reliability, performance assurance, and potential access to financing options make it a worthwhile investment.

3. Estimate the number of solar panels your project needs

A crucial factor to consider before buying a solar system is the number of solar panels required for a specific project. Estimating how many solar panels you’ll need is vital for ensuring the system is tailored to effectively and efficiently meet the household's energy needs. Several factors influence the number of solar panels needed, including annual consumption, geographical location, and the efficiency of the solar panels you choose.

The first step in this process involves understanding your annual electricity consumption. For instance, a house with an annual electricity consumption of less than 2000 kWh would require between 2 and 4 solar panels to meet its energy needs. Similarly, a home consuming between 2000 and 4000 kWh annually would need between 4 and 6 panels to adequately supply its electricity requirements.

Geographical location within the U.S. plays a significant role in determining how many solar panels you’ll need due to varying levels of solar radiation across different regions. In sunny states such as Arizona or California, where solar irradiance is high, fewer panels are required to achieve a specified energy output. Conversely, in states like Washington or Maine, where sunlight is less intense and available for fewer hours per day on average, homeowners often need approximately 20-30% more panels to generate the same amount of electricity as in the sunnier regions.

The quality and performance of photovoltaic panels are pivotal in determining the efficiency of energy production and, as a result, the number of panels needed for your solar project. For instance, monocrystalline panels, with their efficiency ranging from 15% to 25%, stand out for their superior ability to convert sunlight into electricity.

The high efficiency of monocrystalline panels means that fewer monocrystalline panels are needed to meet the same energy demands compared to other types. On the other hand, polycrystalline panels, which have an efficiency of 13% to 16%, often require a larger number of panels to produce the same amount of power due to their lower efficiency.

4. Determine what other equipment a solar panel installation needs

A comprehensive solar panel installation includes several key components beyond the panels themselves to ensure efficient energy production. Below is a breakdown of the essential equipment required, including solar panel inverters, batteries, mounts, solar panel wiring, and solar charge controllers.

• Solar Panel Inverters: Inverters play a crucial role in solar power systems by transforming the direct current (DC) electricity produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is compatible with home appliances and the electrical grid. This conversion is essential, as AC is the standard form of electricity used in homes and by the utility grid. The efficiency and reliability of an inverter directly impact the overall performance and functionality of the solar system, making it a key component in harnessing solar energy effectively.
• Battery Storage: Batteries store excess electricity produced by the solar panels for later use. Electricity storage is especially useful for off-grid installations or for grid-tied systems aiming for greater independence from the utility grid. Batteries allow homeowners to use solar power during the night or on cloudy days, enhancing the system's overall utility and efficiency.
• Mounts: Mounting systems secure the solar panels either to the roof or the ground, depending on the type of installation. Proper mounting is essential for maximizing sun exposure and, by extension, electricity production. Mounts must be durable and properly aligned to ensure the panels remain stable and optimally positioned over time.
• Solar Panel Wiring: Cables are fundamental for connecting the various components of a solar panel system, including linking the solar panels to the inverter, the battery storage (if applicable), and ultimately to the home's electrical panel. The selection of good solar panel wiring is critical for ensuring efficient energy transmission and system safety. Cables need to be of appropriate size (gauge) to handle the electrical load and must be UV-resistant and weatherproof, especially for outdoor connections, to withstand environmental conditions and prevent degradation over time.
• Solar Charge Controllers: Charge controllers regulate the voltage and current coming from the solar panels to the batteries, protecting them from overcharging. For systems with battery storage, a solar charge controller is crucial to ensure the longevity and safety of the batteries by preventing overcharging and deep discharge.

Where to purchase a Solar Panel?

When looking to purchase solar panels, several options are available to cater to different needs and preferences. Stores that sell solar panels include local solar installers, specialized solar energy stores, online retailers, manufacturers, and wholesale distributors.

Below is detailed information on the five main purchasing options for solar panels.

• Local Solar Installers: Local solar installers are businesses within your community that offer end-to-end solar solutions, from consultation and design to installation and maintenance. Companies like SolarCity, headquartered in San Mateo, California, specialize in solar energy services, including system design, financing, installation, and maintenance. Sunrun, based in San Francisco, California, offers similar services, focusing on residential solar installations. Leveraging local expertise, these companies ensure that solar projects are tailored to meet specific regional requirements and customer needs.
• Specialized Solar Energy Stores: Specialized solar energy stores are retailers that focus exclusively on solar and renewable energy products, providing both general and niche solutions to meet a variety of energy needs. The Solar Store specializes in portable solar panels for RVs, camping, and emergency use, offering versatile energy solutions for mobile and off-grid applications. On the other hand, the AltE Store positions itself as the number 1 online source for DIY solar power, energy storage, solar education, and system installation support, catering to DIY enthusiasts seeking comprehensive support for their solar projects.
• Online Retailers: While they don’t specialize in solar energy, online retailers such as Amazon and eBay present an extensive array of solar panels from numerous brands, including well-known names like Renogy, LG, and Panasonic. Online platforms facilitate the ease of shopping from your home and direct delivery to your doorstep. Additionally, sites such as Amazon and eBay are rich with customer feedback and reviews, enabling potential buyers to judge the quality and efficiency of solar panels based on real user experiences.
• Manufacturers: Buying directly from manufacturers ensures you're getting genuine, high-quality products. Many manufacturers such as SunPower, LG, or Panasonic sell through their websites, offering detailed product information, warranty terms, and sometimes direct customer support.
• Wholesale Distributors: Wholesale distributors like ECO Distributing and Solar Electric Supply are key resources for purchasing solar and renewable energy products in bulk. ECO Distributing, headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona, specializes in both residential and commercial solar products, providing services such as solar financing and logistics with warehouse locations throughout the US to ensure widespread availability. Similarly, Solar Electric Supply offers a wide range of solar panels, inverters, and complete photovoltaic systems tailored to various customer needs.

What are the pros and cons of Purchasing a Solar Panel online?

Purchasing solar panels online is a convenient and flexible shopping experience that presents both advantages and drawbacks. Pros of buying a solar panel online include the ease of access to a broad selection of products, potential cost savings, and access to detailed product reviews. Drawbacks, however, range from the difficulty in assessing product quality firsthand to concerns over shipping and installation.

More information on each advantage and disadvantage is given below.

Pros of purchasing solar panels online:

• Convenience and Accessibility: Online shopping for solar panels allows buyers to explore a vast array of options anytime, from anywhere, without the need to physically visit stores. This convenience saves time and makes it easier to compare different products and brands.
• Cost Savings: Lower operational costs for online stores often translate into lower prices for customers, alongside promotions and deals that enhance savings, making online purchases financially attractive.
• Reviews and Ratings: Online reviews and ratings provide insights into user experiences and product quality, helping buyers choose products with confidence based on the feedback of others.

Cons of purchasing solar panels online:

• Assessing Quality: One significant challenge of buying online is the inability to physically inspect the solar panels before purchase. This makes it difficult to gauge the build quality and material integrity of the panels, relying instead on pictures and descriptions.
• Shipping and Handling Risks: The process of shipping large, fragile items like solar panels carries risks of damage. Despite careful packaging, accidents sometimes occur, potentially complicating the return or exchange process.
• Installation Concerns: While some online retailers offer installation support, finding a local, trustworthy installer on your own is often more challenging without direct referrals or the ability to vet the service in person.

What are the pros and cons of Buying a Solar Panel through a distributor?

Purchasing solar panels through a distributor offers a blend of benefits and challenges that impact the overall experience of buying a solar panel. The advantages of buying solar equipment from a distributor include the ability to purchase in smaller quantities, reduced inventory and payment risks, and the convenience of acquiring all components from a single source. However, potential drawbacks include higher prices compared to direct manufacturer purchases, possible limitations in product selection, and the risk of franchise agreement changes with no notice.

The main pros of purchasing solar panels through a distributor are listed below.

• Purchasing in Small Quantities: Distributors buy solar panels in bulk and distribute smaller quantities, allowing installers to purchase only what they need, when they need it. As a result, distributors are a great option for individual consumers or small businesses that do not require large numbers of solar panels.
• Lower Inventory and Payment Risks: Purchasing from distributors minimizes the risks tied to shipping, payment, and maintaining large inventories primarily because distributors take on these risks themselves. They manage the complexities of logistics, ensuring safe and timely delivery of your solar panels.
• One-Stop Shopping: Distributors offer the convenience of one-stop shopping, providing all necessary components for a solar installation project from a single place. This simplifies the procurement process of elements such as inverters, batteries, mounts, solar charge controllers, and cables.

The main cons of purchasing solar panels through a distributor are listed below.

• High Prices: The increased cost of products purchased through distributors, compared to direct manufacturer or online retailer purchases, is attributed to the distributor's markup. This markup is essentially the additional cost added by distributors to the base price of the products to cover their operational expenses. This additional cost increases the overall cost of solar panel installations.
• Limited Product Selection: While distributors often carry a wide range of products, their selection is still limited compared to direct manufacturer offerings. Such limitations restrict buyers' access to the latest models or specific brands.
• Franchise Agreement Vulnerabilities: Relationships with distributors are governed by franchise agreements, which often change with little notice. Such changes affect product availability, pricing, and terms of sale.

Why is it important to consider where to buy a Solar Panel?

It's important to consider where to buy a solar panel because it impacts the quality and authenticity of the panels, the cost and overall value of your purchase, and the level of after-sales support and warranty coverage you'll receive.

Firstly, where you purchase your solar panels greatly affects the quality and authenticity of the solar panels you receive. Buying solar panels directly from reputable manufacturers or authorized distributors ensures that the solar panels are genuine, meet industry standards, and have passed quality control checks. This is crucial for long-term performance and reliability.

Secondly, the cost of solar panels and the overall value you get from your purchase varies significantly depending on the type of seller. Manufacturers and wholesale distributors often offer the best prices due to lower operational costs and bulk purchasing.

Online retailers and specialized solar stores, on the other hand, offer competitive pricing, but it's essential to factor in potential shipping costs and the risk of receiving damaged goods. Local solar installers offer package deals that include installation and maintenance for your solar panels, potentially saving money in the long run despite higher initial costs. Carefully selecting where to buy your solar system leads to significant savings and ensures you receive the best value for your investment.

Thirdly, the level of after-sales support, including warranty coverage, differs greatly based on where you purchase your solar panels. For instance, local installers typically offer services such as installation warranties and maintenance plans, providing peace of mind and ongoing care for your solar system. In contrast, buying from online marketplaces or unauthorized dealers sometimes complicates warranty claims or after-sales service due to a lack of direct manufacturer engagement.

Considering the seller's reputation for customer service and support is vital to securing a reliable solar panel system with dependable after-sales service.

Can a Solar Panel Calculator help me determine the cost of my Solar Panel project?

Yes, a solar panel calculator helps you determine the cost of your solar panel project. By inputting specific information such as your location, energy consumption, and the efficiency of the panels you're considering, the solar panel calculator assesses various factors to provide an estimate of the system size you need, the initial investment required, including equipment and installation costs, and ongoing maintenance expenses.

The solar panel calculator calculates potential savings on your electricity bills by considering current electricity rates and available financial incentives, such as tax credits or rebates. Solar panel calculators enable home and business owners to make an informed decision by offering a tailored analysis of the financial aspects of installing a solar energy system, including the payback period and return on investment, thus providing a comprehensive overview of the project's cost-effectiveness.

Can I Install my own residential Solar Panel?

Yes, installing your own residential solar panel system is possible. Do-it-yourself solar installations are increasingly feasible thanks to readily available information and resources. Those who possess basic handyman skills, such as the ability to drive lag bolts and assemble prefabricated parts, and are willing to undertake physical work on their roof or ground, should be able to proceed with a DIY procedure by following a manual or tutorial on how to install a solar panel without professional help.

While professional installations offer expertise and peace of mind, particularly with regard to compliance with local regulations and electrical codes, DIY installations significantly reduce costs and give you a sense of achievement.

Is it worth it to Buy a Solar Panel?

Yes, buying solar panels is worth it for two main reasons. Solar panels provide significant energy savings over the panels' lifespan, and they generate clean, renewable energy for your home.

Energy savings are a primary benefit of solar panel installation. Initially, the investment in solar panels is substantial, with overall costs ranging from a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars depending on the system's size and complexity. However, the reduction in your electricity bills in the long run leads to thousands of dollars in savings.

This is especially true as electricity rates continue to rise, making the one-time cost of solar panels more appealing in comparison. The exact amount saved will depend on various factors, including your location, the size of your solar system, and your household's energy consumption. However, many homeowners find that their solar panels pay for themselves within a few years, thanks to these ongoing savings.

In addition to financial benefits, solar panels contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable environment by generating renewable energy. Unlike fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, solar power produces no harmful emissions that contribute to air pollution. By installing solar panels, homeowners reduce their carbon footprint and support the transition to a more sustainable energy system..